In software engineering, a design pattern is a general reusable solution to a commonly occurring problem in software design. A design pattern is not a finished design that can be transformed directly into code. It is a description or template for how to solve a problem that can be used in many different situations. Object-oriented design patterns typically show relationships and interactions between classes or objects, without specifying the final application classes or objects that are involved. Design pattern (computer science)
Below I have a list of most common design patterns.
Creational Patterns
Abstract Factory
Creates an instance of several families of classes
Builder
Separates object construction from its representation
Factory Method
Creates an instance of several derived classes
Prototype
A fully initialized instance to be copied or cloned
Singleton
A class of which only a single instance can exist
Structural Patterns
Adapter
Match interfaces of different classes
Bridge
Separates an object's interface from its implementation
Composite
A tree structure of simple and composite objects
Decorator
Add responsibilities to objects dynamically
Façade
A single class that represents an entire subsystem
Flyweight
A fine-grained instance used for efficient sharing
Proxy
An object representing another object
Behavioral Patterns
Chain of Responsibility
A way of passing a request between chains of objects
Command
Encapsulate a command request as an object
Interpreter
A way to include language elements in a program
Iterator
Sequentially access the elements of a collection
Mediator
Defines simplified communication between classes
Memento
Capture and restore an object's internal state
Observer
A way of notifying change to a number of classes
State
Alter an object's behavior when its state changes
Strategy
Encapsulates an algorithm inside a class
Template Method
Defer the exact steps of an algorithm to a subclass
Visitor
Defines a new operation to a class without change
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